Condom
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Condom therapy is sometimes prescribed to infertile couples when the female has high levels of. New York University Student Health Center. Using a fine needle to make several pinholes at the tip of the condom is believed to significantly impact on their effectiveness. Although a condom is effective in limiting exposure, some disease transmission may occur even with a condom.
Please note that we are unable to respond to any questions, or offer advice or information in relation to personal matters. However, the benefits condoms offer are widely considered to offset their small landfill mass. Rates are generally presented for the first year of use.
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There are both male and. With proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year. Their use greatly decreases the risk of, and. The male condom is rolled onto an before intercourse and works by blocking from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male private kondome are typically made from and less commonly from or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, easy to access, and few side effects. In those with a a polyurethane or other synthetic version should be used. Female condoms are typically made from polyurethane private kondome may be used multiple times. Rubber condoms became available in 1855, followed by latex condoms in the 1920s. They are on thethe most effective and safe medicines needed in a. The wholesale cost in the is about 0. Globally less than 10% of those using are using the condom. Rates of condom use are higher in the. In the United Kingdom the condom is the second most common method of birth control 22% while in the United States it is the third most common 15%. About six to nine billion are sold a year. See also: The effectiveness of condoms, as of most forms ofcan be assessed two ways. Perfect use or method effectiveness rates only include people who use condoms properly and consistently. Actual use, or typical use effectiveness rates are of all condom users, including those who use condoms incorrectly or do not use condoms at every act of intercourse. Rates are generally presented for the first year of use. Most commonly the is used to calculate effectiveness rates, but some studies use. The perfect use pregnancy rate of condoms is private kondome per year. Condoms may be combined with other forms of contraception such as for greater protection. They have been shown to be effective in reducing infection rates in both men and women. While not perfect, the condom is effective at reducing the transmission of organisms that cause,,and other diseases. Analysis published in 2007 from the and the found similar risk reductions of 80—95%. Another study in the same year found consistent condom use was effective at reducing transmission of also known as genital herpes, in both men and women. Although a condom is effective in limiting exposure, private kondome disease transmission may occur even with a condom. Condoms may also be useful in treating potentially. Exposure to human papillomavirus, even in individuals already infected with the virus, appears to increase the risk of precancerous changes. The use of condoms helps promote regression of these changes. Causes of failure Condoms may slip off the penis afterbreak due to improper application or physical damage such as tears caused when opening the packageor break or slip due to latex degradation typically from usage past the expiration date, improper storage, or exposure to oils. The rate of breakage is between 0. Even if no breakage or slippage is observed, 1—3% of women will test positive for semen residue after intercourse with a condom. This claim is not supported by research. The limited studies that have been done found that the simultaneous use of multiple condoms decreases the risk of condom breakage. Different modes of condom failure result in different levels of semen exposure. If a failure occurs during application, the damaged condom may be disposed of and a new condom applied before intercourse begins — such failures generally pose no risk to the user. One study found that semen exposure private kondome a broken condom was about half that of unprotected intercourse; semen exposure from a slipped condom was about one-fifth that of unprotected intercourse. Standard condoms willwith varying degrees of comfort or risk of slippage. Some studies have associated larger penises and smaller condoms with increased breakage and decreased slippage rates and vice versabut other studies have been inconclusive. It is recommended for condoms manufacturers to avoid very thick or very thin condoms, because they are both considered less effective. Experienced condom users are significantly less likely to have a condom slip or break compared to first-time users, although users who experience one slippage or breakage are more likely to suffer a second such failure. An article in Population Reports suggests that education on condom use reduces behaviors that increase the risk of breakage and slippage. A publication also offers the view that education can reduce the risk of breakage and slippage, but emphasizes that more research needs to private kondome done to determine all of the causes of breakage and slippage. Among people who intend condoms to be their form of birth control, pregnancy may occur when the user has sex without a condom. This type of behavior is the primary cause of typical use failure as opposed to method or perfect use failure. Another possible cause of condom failure is. One motive is to have a child against a partner's wishes or consent. Some commercial sex workers from reported clients sabotaging condoms in retaliation for being coerced into condom use. Using a fine needle to make several pinholes at the tip of the condom is believed to significantly impact on their effectiveness. Side effects The use of latex condoms by people with an allergy to latex can cause allergic symptoms, such as skin irritation. In people with severe latex allergies, using a latex condom can potentially be life-threatening. Repeated use of latex condoms can also cause the development of a latex allergy in some people. Irritation may also occur due to that may be present. Use Illustrations showing how to put on a condom Male condoms are usually packaged inside a foil or plastic wrapper, in a rolled-up form, and are designed to be applied to the tip of the penis and then unrolled over the penis. It is important that some space be left in the tip of the condom so that semen has a place to collect; otherwise it may be forced out of the base of the device. Most condoms have a teat end for this purpose. After use, it is recommended the condom be wrapped in tissue or tied in a knot, then disposed of in a trash receptacle. Some couples find that putting on a condom interrupts sex, although others incorporate condom application private kondome part of their foreplay. private kondome Some men and women find the physical barrier of a condom dulls sensation. Advantages of dulled sensation can include prolonged erection and delayed ejaculation; disadvantages might include a loss of some sexual excitement. Advocates of condom use also cite their advantages of being inexpensive, easy to use, and having few side effects. Adult film industry In 2012 proponents gathered 372,000 voter signatures through a citizens' initiative in Los Angeles County to put on the 2012 ballot. As a result, Measure B, a law requiring the use of condoms in the production ofwas passed. This requirement has received much criticism and is said by some to be counter-productive, merely forcing companies that make pornographic films to relocate to other places without this requirement. Producers claim that condom use depresses sales. Sex education Condoms are often used in programs, because they have the capability to reduce the chances of pregnancy and the spread of some sexually transmitted diseases when used correctly. These are most commonly obtained throughbut an alternative to masturbation is use of a special collection condom to collect semen during sexual intercourse. Collection condoms are made from silicone or polyurethane, as latex is somewhat harmful to sperm. Private kondome, compared with samples obtained from masturbation, semen samples from collection condoms have higher total sperm counts, sperm motility, and percentage of sperm with normal morphology. For this reason, they are believed to give more accurate results when used for semen analysis, and to improve the chances of pregnancy when used in procedures such as intracervical or intrauterine. Adherents of religions that prohibit contraception, such asmay use collection condoms with holes pricked in them. Private may also use a collection condom to obtain samples through masturbation or by sexual intercourse with a partner and will transfer the ejaculate from the collection condom to a specially designed private kondome. The sperm is transported in such containers, in the case private kondome a donor, to a recipient woman to be used for insemination, and in the case of a woman's partner, to a fertility clinic for processing and use. However, transportation may reduce the fecundity of the sperm. Collection condoms may also be used where semen is produced at a sperm bank or fertility clinic. Condom therapy is sometimes prescribed to infertile couples when the female has high levels of. The theory is that preventing exposure to her partner's semen will lower her level of antisperm antibodies, and thus increase her chances of pregnancy when condom therapy is discontinued. However, condom therapy has not been shown to increase subsequent pregnancy rates. Other uses Condoms excel as multipurpose containers and barriers because they are waterproof, elastic, durable, and for military and espionage uses will not arouse suspicion if found. Condoms have also been used to,and other drugs across borders and into prisons by filling the condom with drugs, tying it in a knot and then either swallowing it or inserting it into the. These methods are very dangerous and potentially lethal; if the condom breaks, the drugs inside become absorbed into the bloodstream and can cause an overdose. Medically, condoms can be used to cover probes, or in field chest needle decompressions they can be used to make a one-way valve. Condoms have also been used to protect scientific samples from the environment, and to waterproof microphones for underwater recording. Types Most condoms have a reservoir tip or teat end, making it easier to accommodate the man's ejaculate. Condoms come in different sizes, from snug to larger, and shapes. Width often varies from 49 mm to 56 mm. Sizes from 45 mm to 60 mm, however exist. They also come in a variety of surfaces intended to stimulate the user's partner. Condoms are usually supplied with a coating to facilitate penetration, while flavored condoms are principally used for oral sex. As mentioned above, most condoms are made of latex, but and condoms also exist. Female condom A female condom Male condoms have a tight ring to form a seal around the penis while female condoms usually have a large stiff ring to prevent them from slipping into the. The Female Health Company produced a female condom that was initially made of polyurethane, but newer versions are made of. Medtech Products produces a female condom made of latex. Every latex condom is tested for holes with an electric current. If the condom passes, it is rolled and packaged. In addition, a portion of each batch of condoms is subject to water leak and air burst testing. While the advantages of latex have made it the most popular condom material, it does have some drawbacks. Latex condoms are damaged when used with oil-based substances assuch as,,or. Contact with oil makes latex condoms more likely to break or slip off due to loss of elasticity caused by the oils. Additionally, precludes use of latex condoms and is one of the principal reasons for the use of other materials. In May 2009 the U. An allergen-free condom made of synthetic latex polyisoprene is also available. Synthetic The most common non-latex condoms are made from. Condoms may also be made from other synthetic materials, such asand most recently. Polyurethane condoms tend to be the same width and thickness as latex condoms, with most polyurethane condoms between 0. Polyurethane can be considered better than latex in several ways: it conducts heat better than latex, is not as sensitive to temperature and ultraviolet light and so has less rigid storage requirements and a longer shelf lifecan be used with oil-basedis less allergenic than latex, and does not have an odor. However, polyurethane condoms are less elastic than latex ones, and may be more likely to slip or break than latex, lose their shape or bunch up more than latex, and are more expensive. Polyisoprene is a synthetic version of natural rubber latex. While significantly more expensive, it has the advantages of latex such as being softer and more elastic private kondome polyurethane condoms without the protein which is responsible for latex allergies. Like polyurethane condoms, polyisoprene condoms are said to do a better job of transmitting body heat. Unlike polyurethane condoms, they cannot be used with an oil-based lubricant. Although they are generally effective as a contraceptive by blocking sperm, it is presumed that they are likely less effective than latex in preventing the transmission of agents that causebecause of pores in the material. This is based on the idea that intestines, by their nature, are porous, permeable membranes, and while sperm are too large to pass through the pores, viruses—such as, and —are small enough to pass through. However, there are to date no clinical data confirming or denying this theory. Lambskin condoms are also significantly more expensive than other types and as slaughter by-products they are also not. Spermicide Some latex condoms are lubricated at the manufacturer with a small amount of aa. According tocondoms lubricated with spermicide have no additional benefit in preventing pregnancy, have a shorter shelf life, and may cause in women. In contrast, application of separately packaged spermicide is believed to increase the contraceptive efficacy of condoms. The says that spermicidally lubricated condoms should no longer be promoted. However, it recommends using a lubricated condom over no condom at all. As of 2005nine condom manufacturers have stopped manufacturing condoms with nonoxynol-9 and has discontinued the distribution of condoms so lubricated. Ribbed and studded A ribbed condom Textured condoms include studded and ribbed condoms which can provide extra sensations to both partners. The studs or ribs can be located on the inside, outside, or both; alternatively, they are located in specific sections to provide directed stimulation to either the or. Some women experience irritation during vaginal intercourse with studded condoms. Other The is another variation designed to be worn by women. It is designed to cause pain to the attacker, hopefully allowing the victim a chance to escape. A private kondome used to collect semen for fertility treatments or sperm analysis. These condoms are designed to maximize sperm life. Some condom-like devices private kondome intended for entertainment only, such as glow-in-the dark condoms. Prevalence The prevalence of condom use varies greatly between countries. Most surveys of contraceptive use are among married women, or women in informal unions. Japan has the highest rate of condom usage in the world: in that country, condoms account for almost 80% of contraceptive use by married women. On average, in developed countries, condoms are the most popular method of birth control: 28% of married contraceptive users rely on condoms. In the average less-developed private kondome, condoms are less common: only 6—8% of married contraceptive users choose condoms. History A page from De Morbo Gallico On the French DiseaseGabriele Falloppio's treatise on syphilis. Published in 1564, it describes what is possibly the first use of condoms. Before the 19th century Whether condoms were used in ancient civilizations is debated by archaeologists and historians. Condoms seem to have been used for contraception, and to have been known only by members of the upper classes. In China, glans condoms may have been made of oiled silk paper, or of lamb intestines. In Japan, they were made of tortoise shell or animal horn. Falloppio's treatise is the earliest uncontested description of condom use: it describes linen sheaths soaked in a chemical solution and allowed to dry before use. The cloths he described were sized to cover theand were held on with a ribbon. After this, the use of penis coverings to protect from disease is described in a wide variety of literature throughout Europe. The first indication that these devices were used for birth control, rather than disease prevention, is the 1605 theological publication De iustitia et iure On justice and law by Catholic theologianwho condemned them as immoral. Unlike the horn condoms used previously, these leather condoms covered the entire penis. From at least the 18th century, condom use was opposed in some legal, religious, and medical circles for essentially the same reasons that are given today: condoms reduce the likelihood of pregnancy, which some thought immoral or undesirable for the nation; they do not provide full protection against sexually transmitted infections, while belief in their protective powers was thought to encourage sexual promiscuity; and, they are not used consistently due to inconvenience, expense, or loss of sensation. Writers on contraception tended to prefer other methods of birth control to the condom. By the late 19th century many feminists expressed distrust of the condom as a contraceptive, as its use was controlled and decided upon by men alone. They advocated instead for methods which were controlled by women, such as diaphragms and spermicidal douches. Posters such as these were intended to promote abstinence. Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, American rates of sexually transmitted diseases skyrocketed. Causes cited by historians include effects of theand the ignorance of prevention methods promoted by the. They generally taught that abstinence was the only way to avoid sexually transmitted private kondome. The stigma against victims of these diseases was so great that many hospitals refused to treat people who had syphilis. private kondome Freud was especially opposed to the condom because he thought it cut down on sexual pleasure. Some feminists continued to oppose male-controlled contraceptives such as condoms. London's Bishop complained of the huge number of condoms discarded in alleyways and parks, especially after weekends and holidays. This proved to have advantages for the manufacture of condoms; unlike the sheep's gut condoms, they could stretch and did not tear quickly when used. The process was patented by Goodyear in 1844. The first rubber condom was produced in 1855. The earliest rubber condoms had a seam and were as thick as a bicycle inner tube. Besides this type, small rubber condoms covering only the were often used in England and the United States. There was more risk of losing them and if the rubber ring was too tight, it would constrict the penis. For many decades, rubber condoms were manufactured by wrapping strips of raw rubber around penis-shaped molds, then dipping the wrapped molds in a chemical solution to cure the rubber. Called cement dipping, this method required adding gasoline or benzene to the rubber to make it liquid. Latex condoms required less labor to produce than cement-dipped rubber condoms, which had to be smoothed by rubbing and trimming. The use of water to suspend the rubber instead of and eliminated the fire hazard previously associated with all condom factories. Latex condoms also performed better for the consumer: they were stronger and thinner than rubber condoms, and had a shelf life of five years compared to three months for rubber. Throughout the decade of the 1920s, advances in the automation of the condom assembly line were made. The first fully automated line was patented in 1930. Major condom manufacturers bought or leased conveyor systems, and small manufacturers were driven out of business. In 1931 the in the U. Schmid still used the cement-dipping method of manufacture which had two advantages over the latex variety. Firstly, cement-dipped condoms could be safely used with oil-based. Secondly, while less comfortable, these older-style rubber condoms could be reused and so were more economical, a valued feature in hard times. After the war, condom sales continued to grow. From 1955—1965, 42% of Americans of reproductive age relied on condoms for birth control. In Britain from 1950—1960, 60% of married couples used condoms. The became the world's most popular method private kondome birth private kondome in the years after its 1960 début, but condoms remained a strong second. In the 1960s and 1970s quality regulations tightened, and more legal barriers to condom use were removed. In the late 1950s, the American banned condom advertisements from national television: this policy remained in place until 1979. Despite opposition by some political, religious, and other figures, national condom promotion campaigns occurred in the U. Observers have cited condom fatigue in both Europe and North America. As one response, manufacturers have changed the tone of their advertisements private kondome scary to humorous. Etymology and other terms The term condom first appears in the early 18th century. Other terms are also commonly used to describe condoms. In North America condoms are also commonly known asor rubbers. In Britain they may be called French letters. Additionally, condoms may be referred to using the manufacturer's name. Society and culture Some and criticism of condoms exists despite the many benefits of condoms agreed on by and sexual health experts. Note that the polar debate with regard to condom usage is attenuated by the target group the argument is directed. Notably the age category and stable partner question are factors, as well as the distinction between heterosexual and homosexuals, private kondome have different kinds of sex and have different risk consequences and factors. Among the prime objections to condom usage is the blocking of erotic sensation, or the intimacy that barrier-free sex provides. As the condom is held tightly to the skin of the penis, it diminishes the delivery of stimulation through rubbing and friction. Condom proponents claim this has the benefit of making sex last longer, by diminishing sensation and delaying male ejaculation. Religious See also:and The opposes all kinds of sexual acts outside of marriage, as well as private kondome sexual act in which the chance of successful conception has been reduced by acts for example, or foreign objects for example, condoms. The use of condoms to prevent transmission is not specifically addressed by Catholic doctrine, and is currently a topic of debate among theologians and high-ranking Catholic authorities. A few, such as Belgian Cardinalbelieve the Catholic Church should actively support condoms used to prevent disease, especially serious diseases such as. This view was most recently reiterated in 2009 by. The Roman Catholic Church is the largest organized body of any world. The church has hundreds of programs dedicated to fighting private kondomebut its opposition to condom use in these programs has been highly controversial. He gave as an example male prostitutes. There was some confusion at first whether the statement applied only to homosexual prostitutes and thus not to heterosexual intercourse at all. However,spokesman for the Vatican, clarified that it applied to heterosexual and transsexual prostitutes, whether male or female, as well. He did, however, also clarify that the Vatican's principles on sexuality and contraception had not been changed. Scientific and environmental More generally, some scientific researchers have expressed objective concern over certain ingredients sometimes added to condoms, notably and. Dry dusting powders are applied to latex condoms before packaging to prevent the condom private kondome sticking to itself when rolled up. Previously, talc was used by most manufacturers, but is currently the most popular dusting powder. Talc is known to be toxic if it enters the abdominal cavity i. Cornstarch is generally believed to be safe; however, some researchers have raised concerns over its use as well. Nitrosamines, which are potentially in humans, are believed to be present in a substance used to improve elasticity in latex condoms. A 2001 review stated that humans regularly receive 1,000 to 10,000 times greater nitrosamine exposure from food and tobacco than from condom use and concluded that the risk of cancer from condom use is very low. However, a 2004 study in Germany detected nitrosamines in 29 out of 32 condom brands tested, and concluded that exposure from condoms might exceed the exposure from food by 1. Used condom on a street In addition, the large-scale use of disposable condoms has resulted in concerns over their environmental impact via and inwhere they can eventually wind up in environments if not or otherwise permanently disposed of first. Polyurethane condoms in particular, given they are a form ofare notand latex condoms take a very long time to break down. Experts, such asrecommend condoms be disposed of in a garbage receptacle, as flushing them down the toilet which some people do may cause plumbing blockages and other problems. Furthermore, the plastic and foil wrappers condoms are packaged in are also not biodegradable. However, the benefits condoms offer are widely considered to offset their small landfill mass. Frequent condom or wrapper disposal in public areas such as a parks have been seen as a persistent litter problem. While biodegradable, latex condoms damage the environment when disposed of improperly. According to the Ocean Conservancy, condoms, along withcover the and smother and other bottom dwellers. The also has expressed concerns that many animals might mistake the litter for food. private kondome Cultural barriers to use In much of thethe introduction of in the 1960s was associated with a decline in condom use. Perhaps because of this restricted access to private kondome contraception, Japan has the highest rate of condom usage in the world: in 2008, 80% of contraceptive users relied on condoms. Cultural attitudes toward, and vary greatly private kondome the world, and range from extremely conservative to extremely liberal. But in places where condoms are misunderstood, mischaracterised, demonised, or looked upon with overall cultural disapproval, the prevalence of condom use is directly affected. In less-developed countries and among less-educated populations, misperceptions about how disease transmission and conception work negatively affect the use of condoms; additionally, in cultures with more traditional gender roles, women may feel uncomfortable demanding that their partners use condoms. As an example, immigrants in the United States often face cultural barriers to condom use. Women who participated in the study often reported that because of the general subtly encouraged in Latino culture, their male partners would be angry or possibly at the woman's suggestion that they use condoms. A similar phenomenon has been noted in a survey of low-income women; the women in this study also reported a fear of violence at the suggestion to their male partners that condoms be used. A telephone survey conducted by andand published in the showed that belief in among United States black men is linked to rates of condom use. Female use of condoms was not similarly affected. In the African continent, condom promotion in some areas has been impeded by anti-condom campaigns by some Muslim and Catholic clerics. Maasai women believe that, after conceiving a child, they must have sexual intercourse repeatedly so that the additional sperm aids the child's development. Frequent condom use is also considered by some Maasai to cause impotence. In the United States, possession of many condoms has been used by police to accuse women of engaging in prostitution. The has condemned this practice and there are efforts to end it. Is it possible to develop a product without this stigma, or better, one that is felt to enhance pleasure. Middle-Eastern couples who have not had children, because of the strong desire and social pressure to establish fertility as soon as possible within marriage, rarely use condoms. Numerous small manufacturers, nonprofit groups, and government-run manufacturing plants exist around the world. Most large manufacturers have ties to the business that reach back to the end of the 19th century. Research See also: A made of latex is intended to be easier to apply and more successful in preventing the transmission of diseases. As of 2009the spray-on condom was not going to market because the drying time could not be reduced below two to three minutes. The Invisible Condom, developed at in Quebec, Canada, is a gel that hardens upon increased temperature after insertion into the vagina or rectum. The barrier breaks down and liquefies after several hours. As of 2005the invisible condom is in the clinical trial phase, and has not yet been approved for use. Also developed in 2005 is a condom treated with an erectogenic compound. The drug-treated condom is intended to help the wearer maintain his erection, which should also help reduce slippage. If approved, the condom would be marketed under the Durex brand. As of 2007it was still in. International Medical Products Price Guide. Management Sciences For Health, Inc. National health statistics reports 86 : 1—14. Archived from on May 31, 2008. The Art of Natural Family Planning 4th addition ed. The Art of Natural Family Planning 4th addition ed. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. Hyatt Dulles Airport, Herndon, Virginia. New York University Student Health Center. Archived from on 23 October 2008. The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions. New York: Marlowe and Company. Steiner M, Piedrahita C, Glover L, Joanis C 1993. Archived from on October 20, 2007. Archived from on November 21, 2007. Archived from on August 10, 2006. Planned Parenthood of Northeast Ohio. Kremer J, Jager S, Kuiken J 1978. He had a kilo of cocaine in his stomach. Archived from on September 26, 2006. Archived from on May 30, 2007. Archived from on June 9, 2007. Planned Parenthood Advocates of Arizona. Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era. Health Canada, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control. The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy. The Humble Little Condom: A History. The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology. Archived from on 14 July 2007. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Pleasantville, New York: The Reader's Digest Association. Billy Boy: The excitingly different condom. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. University of Toronto Medical Journal. Publication of the American Dialect Society. Commonweal: a Review of Religion, Politics, and Culture. Pontifical Council for the Family. The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions. Private kondome Long Term Eff Med Implants. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Archived from on July 29, 2003. The Journal of Sex Research. External links The Wikibook has a page on the topic of: Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
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Scientific and environmental More generally, some scientific researchers have expressed objective concern over certain ingredients sometimes added to condoms, notably and. And remember to only use a water-based lubricant designed for sex. Causes of failure Condoms may slip off the penis after , break due to improper application or physical damage such as tears caused when opening the package , or break or slip due to latex degradation typically from usage past the expiration date, improper storage, or exposure to oils. Most condoms have a teat end for this purpose. In China, glans condoms may have been made of oiled silk paper, or of lamb intestines.
